Assuming one city has one ZIP Code
Many cities have several ZIP Codes. Search with the street address or narrow the result using state and other available details.
Treating a ZIP Code as a boundary
ZIP Codes are postal routing identifiers, not guaranteed municipal or neighborhood borders. Use the right geographic dataset for mapping and analysis.
Guessing ZIP+4 digits
The additional four digits are specific to postal delivery information. Never invent them based on a street number or nearby address.
Using an old directory record
Postal information can change and data providers update on different schedules. Check the source date and verify important addresses through USPS.
Confusing ZIP Codes with area codes
ZIP Codes support mail routing; telephone area codes support phone numbering. Use the relevant system for the question you are trying to answer.